![]() These combined alterations result in an increase of early and late embryo mortality. Long storage induces an alteration of many egg quality features including a decrease in yolk and albumen quality parameters and water loss, but also impairs the quality of the blastoderm (increased diameter, small shift of its position on the yolk likely due to the progressive disintegration of the chalazae, decreased number of viable cells, increased necrosis and apoptosis, etc.) ( Burkhardt et al., 2011 Bakst et al., 2012 Abioja et al., 2021) ( Figure 1). Storage beyond 7 days is usually associated with decreased hatchability rates compared to short periods of storage ( Lapão et al., 1999 Elibol et al., 2002 Hamidu et al., 2011 Goliomytis et al., 2015 Bakst et al., 2016b Abioja et al., 2021) and egg storage time was evidenced to be the most important factor (among genotype, hen age, setter and hatcher type) associated with early embryonic mortality ( Grochowska et al., 2019). On the other hand, extended storage can have a dramatic impact on blastoderm reactivation, even if it is conducted at 17–18☌ under controlled relative humidity. The freshly laid egg contains a high concentration of carbon dioxide that may be detrimental to initiating the first stages of embryo development, while the thickness of the egg white is assumed to slow vital gas diffusion and limit access to egg nutrients ( Benton and Brake, 1996). ![]() ![]() It is noteworthy that incubating freshly laid eggs is, unexpectedly, not associated with higher embryo viability compared to that of stored eggs, and eggs incubated the day of laying tend to hatch later compared with eggs stored for one or 2 days ( Reis et al., 1997). It supplies a certain flexibility towards demands and facilitates synchronisation of hatchings.Įgg storage prior to incubation does not negatively affect hatchability when the duration of storage does not exceed 7 days ( Fasenko, 2007). It allows coordinating hatchery activities, considering the time between laying and the arrival of eggs in hatcheries. In addition, our results highlight that CT and MRI imaging technologies are useful non-invasive tools to evaluate egg quality prior to incubation and the impact of storage (or incubation) practices on developmental growth of the embryo.Įgg storage prior to incubation is an common practice in the broiler industry ( Fasenko, 2007). They further corroborate that this parameter is likely to be crucial to synchronising embryonic stages and maybe reducing the hatching window, hence limiting the time spent by newborn chicks in hatchers. Collectively, these data provide new evidence that the duration of egg storage negatively affects embryonic growth. Results of non-invasive imaging technologies revealed that the storage of eggs for 10 days impaired embryo growth as early as 11 days of incubation (decrease in brain and embryo volumes). ![]() However, the mortality of viable eggs was increased in the D10 group compared to the D3 group. First, data showed that the fertility and sex ratio of eggs were not affected by storage duration. Eggs were analysed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT to assess the development of the embryo and internal egg changes occurring during incubation. Eggs stored for three or 10 days were further incubated for 11, 13 or 15 days (37.8☌, 55% RH). The results revealed that a storage duration of up to 10 days negatively affected some egg quality traits (yolk index and volume, air chamber volume and egg white pH). We explored the effect of storage duration (zero, three or 10 days D0, D3 and D10, respectively) at 16☌, 80% relative humidity (RH) on egg quality (Broiler, Ross 308), using computed tomography (CT) and classical measurements (egg weight, eggshell strength, egg white pH, Haugh units, yolk index and colour). While storage temperatures of 16–18☌ are classically used in hatcheries, the duration of storage varies from three to more than 10 days. However, the conditions used to store eggs can have major impacts on egg quality and the subsequent viability of chicken embryos. Storing fertilised eggs prior to incubation is a frequent practice in commercial hatcheries to coordinate activities and synchronise hatchings.
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